All materials must be written in proper and clear English. The manuscript, prepared according to "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals" (the fifth ed., 1997), is not returned to the corresponding author because of the incorrectness of the format. The manuscript including tables and their footnotes, and figure legends, must be typed in double space on A4 size white paper, with a margin of at least 2.5cm on every side. Materials should be prepared with a letter quality printer using ragged right margin and standard 12-point font. The manuscript should be in the following sequence: title page, abstract and keywords, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgment, references, tables, and figure legends. All pages should be numbered consecutively starting from the title page.

Title page: This should contain the title of an article, full names of authors and institutional affiliation(s). If several authors, and institutions are listed, they should be clearly indicated with which department and institution each author is affiliated. In a separate paragraph, address for correspondence, including the name of corresponding author, degree, address (institutional affiliation, city, zip-code and country), telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address, should be given. Information concerning sources of financial support should be placed as a footnote. A running title, less than ten words, should not be declarative or interrogative sentences.

Abstract and keywords: The abstract should be concise, less than 200 words, and describe concisely, in a paragraph, purpose, methods, important results, and derived conclusion of the study in an unstructured format. Abbreviations, if needed, should be kept to absolute minimum with proper identifications. Abstracts for case report may deviate from this format, but carry the same restrictions of word count. Abstract is not required for editorials or for correspondence. Up to ten keywords should be listed at the bottom of abstract to be used as index terms. For the selection of keywords, refer Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) in Index Medicus, or in internet site, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html

Introduction: Brief background, references to the most pertinent papers generally enough to inform readers, and relevant findings of others are described. The specific question to which the authors' particular investigation being studied, should also be described.

Materials and Methods: We endorse the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki and expect that all investigations involving human materials have been performed in accordance with these principles. For animal experiment, "the Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animals" approved by the American Physiological Society have to be observed. Explanation of the experimental methods should be concise and sufficient for repetition by other qualified investigators. Procedures that have been published previously should not be described in detail. However, new or significant modifications of previously published procedures need full descriptions. The sources of special chemicals or preparations should be given along with their location (name of company, city and state, and country). Method of statistical analyses and criteria of significance level should be described. In Case Reports, case history or case description replace the Materials and Methods section as well as Results section.

Results: This part should be presented logically using text, table and illustrations. Excessive repetition of table or figure contents should be avoided.

Discussion: The data should be interpreted concisely without repeating materials already presented in the results section. Speculation is permitted, but it must be supported by the presented data of authors and be well founded.

Acknowledgment: All persons who have made substantial contribution, but who are not eligible as authors are named in acknowledgment.

References: Citation of references in the text should be made by giving consecutive number in parenthesis (Vancouver style). They should be listed in the order of citation in the text with consecutive number in this separate section. Style for papers in periodicals is: name and initials of all authors, full title of article, journal name abbreviated in accordance with Index Medicus, year, volume, first and last page numbers. Style for chapter of a book is: author and title of the chapter, editor of the book, title of the book, edition, volume, place, publisher, year, first and last page numbers. All other references should be listed as shown in "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals". Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their references and correct text citations. Papers in press may be listed among the references with the journal name and tentative year of publication. Unpublished data or personal communications can be listed only with the author's written permission.

Examples of reference style:
1. Hus DW, Hakim F, Biller BMK, de la Monte S, Zervas NT, Klibranski A, Hedley-Whyte ET. Significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen index in predicting pituitary adenoma recurrence. J Neurosurg 1993; 78: 753-61.
2. Gardner EJ. Familial polyposis coli and Gardner syndrome: is there a difference? In: Ingall JRF, Mastromarino AJ, editors, Prevention of hereditary large bowel cancer. New York: Alan R Liss, 1983; 39-60.

Tables and Figures: Tables and figures should be submitted separately from the text of paper, and figure legends should be typed on separate sheets.

Table should be simple and should not duplicate information in figures. Title all tables and number them with arabic numerals in the order of their citation. Type each table on a separate sheet. Describe all abbreviations. Each column should have an appropriate heading, and if numerical measurements are given, the unit should be added to column heading. The significance of results should be indicated by appropriate statistical analysis. Table footnotes should be indicated with superscript markings. All units of measurement and concentration should be designated. Exponential terminology is discouraged.

Flow diagram and complex biochemical structures should be prepared professionally. Graphics should be used only when a relevant point needs illustration. Clear, glossy prints are acceptable instead of original drawings, provided that all parts of the figures are in focus. X-ray films or Polaroid photographs are not acceptable. Except for especially complicated drawings, which show large amounts of data, all figures are published at one-page or one column width. When the figures are reduced to the size of a single column or of a single page width, the smallest parts of the figure must be legible. Otherwise, the figures will be returned to the author for revision. Points of observations should be noted with different symbols rather than with different types of line and their significance can be directly shown in the body of figure or in the legend. Only those common symbols for which the printer has type should be used. If a figure contains a left- and right-hand ordinate, explanation of the left ordinate should read in the upward direction and those of the right ordinate should red downward.

All photographs should be of the highest quality. The preferred size of photography is 8 × 8 cm, but one-page width (16.5 cm in width × 8 cm in length) is also acceptable. On the back of each figure, affix a label giving the figure number, and an arrow indicating the top of the figure. Do not give first author's name. Color photographs will be published if the Editor decide them absolute necessary. The entire expense of reproducing color photographs will be charged to the author. The author is responsible for submitting prints that are of sufficient quality to permit accurate reproduction, and of approving the final color galley proof. All photographs should be correctly exposed, sharply focused, and submitted on glossy white paper. The Journal of Korean Medical Science assumes no responsibility for the quality of the photography as they appear in the Journal. Current estimates for color reproduction can be obtained from the Editorial Office. The figure numbers, in arabic numerals, should appear directly on the photographs using lettering, at the lower right corner. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photographs should constrast with background. Tissue or thin paper overlay on plate can be used to protect figures and to indicate important areas of the photograph that must be reproduced with greatest accuracy. A legend for each light microscopic photograph should include name of stain and magnification. Electron microscopic photograph should have an internal scale marker. All kinds of figures may be reduced, enlarged or trimmed for publication by the Editor.

All the legends for figures should be typewritten in double space. Do not use a separate sheet for each legend. Figure legend should describe briefly the data shown, explain any abbreviations or reference point in the photographs, and identify all units, mathematical expressions, abscissas, ordinates and symbols.

AUTHOR'S MANUSCRIPT CHECK LIST

1. Double-spaced typing in A4 size white paper with 12-point font
   
2. Sequence of title page, abstract and keywords, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgments, references, tables and figure legends. All pages should be numbered consecutively starting from the title page.
   
3. Title page with article title, authors' full name(s) and affiliation, address for correspondence (including telephone, fax numbers and e-mail address), running title (less than 10 words), and footnotes if any.
   
4. Abstract in unstructured format within 200 words, and keywords as in MeSH.
   
5. All table and figure numbers found in the text.
   
6. References listed in proper format. Check that all references listed in the references section are cited in the text and vice versa.
   
7. A covering letter stating the material is not published previously, and will not be submitted for publication elsewhere, and stating conflicts of interest of all listed authors, if any.

ALTERATION IN PROOF
The Journal of Korean Medical Science provides the corresponding author with galley proofs for their correction. Corrections should be kept to minimum. The Editor retains the prerogative to question minor stylistic alterations and major alterations that might affect the scientific content of the paper. Fault found after the publication is a responsibility of the authors. We urge our contributors to proofread and their accepted manuscript very carefully. The corresponding author may be contacted by the Editorial Office, depending on the nature of correction in proof. If the proof is not returned to the Editorial Office within 48 hours, it may be necessary to reschedule the paper for a subsequent issue.